Truffaut’s Jules et Jim †An Expressionistic Analysis :: Movie Film Essays

Truffaut’s Jules et Jim — An Expressionistic Analysis As far as Bazin’s essay â€Å"The Evolution of the Language of Cinema† might be used as a formal test of categorisation—notwithstanding the problematics inherent in his oversimplification of the realist and expressionist methodology—initial viewing of Jules et Jim seems to present a dichotomous structure. Certainly, a number of Bazin’s criteria for realism are met: camera movement; long-takes; composition-in-depth. and deep focus; a certain ambiguity of meaning. Similarly, several of Bazin’s criteria for expressionism also can be found: there is spatial and temporal discontinuity; editing is used for artistic effect; reality is augmented to create a world only vaguely like our own, and so on. The dichotomy though is only apparent. The over-all effect created by Truffaut shows Jules et Jim belonging more comfortably in the expressionistic domain; and, as we shall discover, devices which would normally—at least according to Bazin— deliver the effect of realism are utilised by Truffaut as tools of expressionism. In our analysis of Jules et Jim, rather than examine fleetingly the whole gamut of expressionistic techniques, we shall instead explore in some detail the more important methods, paying particular attention to temporal and spatial distortions, editing and montage, special visual effects, and finally discover the manner in which Bazin’s archetypal techniques of realism—long-takes and composition-in-depth.—are recast. Certainly one of the most striking features of Jules et Jim is temporal distortion. Truffaut utilises this effect by various means and for various purposes. In the first two minutes of the film, time is condensed in two ways: by the third person narrative, which encapsulates the film’s exposition in the most laconic of terms, describing the meeting and developing friendship of Jules and Jim, and also by the selective images which largely avoid redunant description of the aural narrative, but instead seek to interpret and compliment. Accordingly, when the narrator tells us that Jules is a foreigner in Paris; that he wants to go to an art student’s ball; and that Jim gets him a ticket and costume, the image we are offered is a simple one of the two playing dominoes. This image, incidentally, becomes a leitmotif in the film, supporting the theme of friendship and is touchingly varied much later when Jules plays instead with his daughter. Next, the narrator tells us that their friendship grows; the ball takes place; that Jules has tender eyes.

Heart of Darkness Symbolic Analysis

In the novel Heart of Darkness the focus is mainly about the situation of imperialism in that time period. It describes the hypocrisy of imperialism, the madness as a result of imperialism, and the absurdity of evil. In reality the book is about much more than that. Marlow is the narrator and throughout the novel his visions and thoughts about himself change greatly as he endures the journey of self-discovery. In the beginning Marlow feels lost in his life; the main focus in life to him was being a sailor on the steamboat. Marlow is very naive and has not seen as much of life as he should be seeing in order to expand his overall knowledge of the world. Marlow describes the ship and the ocean as if it was the only thing he had ever seen in his whole life. (Part 1) The fact that the beginning starts with Marlow’s description of the sea, and the facts of imperialism do not start until later indicates that imperialism was not the only reason Joseph Conrad wrote the novel. Imperialism is the policy of extending authority of a nation over foreign countries. In this case Marlow is traveling up the river to the Inner station where he encounters cruelty and torture of the salvages. (Part 1) The men who work for the Company describe what they do as â€Å"trade,† and their treatment of native Africans is part of a benevolent project of â€Å"civilization. † In reality what they are doing is taking the ivory by force in command to the orders that Kurtz demands. Kurtz knows what he is doing but he makes the other men believe it is not out of cruelty or imperialism. Through all of this Marlow is stuck in the middle because he is blinded by the good that is said of Kurtz and he refers to him as a remarkable man (Part 3), which ends up hurting his relationship with the rest of the company because they know the truth and they strongly disagree. Marlow does not know until the end of the book exactly how mad and narcissistic Kurtz really is and the damage he is doing by trying to get everything his own way. All of the problems that accumulate because of the imperialistic actions of Kurtz make Marlow less close-minded and he finds within himself his own voice and opinion. Another reason why I feel that the book is not just about imperialism, but also about Marlow’s journey to self-discovery is that Kurtz is an unknown character to Marlow and he learns more about him as the story goes forth. â€Å"I had heard about some man named Kurtz who was ill but I did not know what exactly he did or how important he was,† (Part 1&2). At first, very little is known about Kurtz, the only description Marlow has of him was that he was an important person to the company. Kurtz was the way that the author incorporated the idea of imperialism into the novel because he was trying to rule an export from a foreign country which would eventually lead to the rule of the country itself. †You know Kurtz, he is very important and he is ill right now but he must get better,† (Part 2). The station manager states something like that to Marlow which tells him exactly how important Kurtz really is in the company. When Marlow finds two men conspiring (Part 3) it gives him more insight into how different reality was in comparison to his thoughts of how the world worked. Marlow changes a lot throughout the novel. At first he is very naive and inexperienced, but by the end he becomes very brave and strongly opinionated. Although the book seems to be mostly about the concept of imperialism it was actually something that Marlow had to endure in order for Marlow to grow intellectually. All the things that he saw on the journey to â€Å"civilization†, everything he encountered was a new experience that taught him a life lesson. The novel Heart of Darkness was not solely a book about the Congo and Imperialism. It was about a boy who became a man in the trials and tribulations of the attempt of his Company’s head man to rule a country under his command. By the end of the imperialistic battle, between all the hardships of life at sea, conspiracy against the boss, and the extremely cruel and controversial concept of imperialism, Marlow found his true identity.

Texas Constitution And The Constitution - 872 Words

Texas Constitution Texas Constitution of 1876, written by ninety delegates, a majority of them white farmers, Grange, and Democrats. Fewer than seven percent of the delegates were African American, yet proving unity Texans restructured the Constitution with considerations of past attempts: creating limited power for government, popular sovereignty, and separation of powers for state and local systems. Considerably, Texas Constitution was no walk in the park; on the contrary, it was a struggle from the beginning. 1836 was the first Coahuila y Tejas Constitution; Texas won independence from Mexico. Texas Constitution addressed personal property, land ownership, water rights, and community property. Majority of the delegates who participated in creating the constitution of 1836 was from the southern United States, meaning Texas was a Republican state. With this in mind, Texas constitution was similar, if not somewhat direct copy of the National Constitution, Texas created a limited gove rnment, bicameralism, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty system. Furthermore, presidents and Legislatures were elected; the president had the power to appoint the cabinet; it also called for a secretary of war and navy; they were later canceled when Texas joined the US. Texas went on to create the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial, this was a step to create separation of powers while the actual how the structure worked created checks andShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Of The Texas Constitution948 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter, in the case of the Texas Constitution having the second longest state Constitution and the fourth most amended Constitution in the United States, makes it a difficult and complicated document. The Texas Constitution has been rewritten a total of six times since becoming independent from Mexico. The most recent being the Constitution of 1876, which is excessively detailed and exact due to the framers fear of a strong state government. The framers of the constitution placed strategically in theRead MoreThe Constitution And The Texas Constitution866 Words   |  4 PagesA constitution is an accumulation of principles and rules that establishes the character of a government. Additionally, by showing the authority each part of the government holds, it is describing the organization and regulation of the government and how a society must conform. The Texas constitution has been reformed on multiple occasions and is troublesome to amend due to it being highly restrictive and detailed. The process on how to amend the Texas constitution, the attempts and failure of theRead MoreU.s. Constitution And The Texas Constitution Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages17, 1787, the U.S. constitution was signed. The U.S. constitution is a document that has a set of rules, guidelines, and principles that governs our nation. This constitution is the oldest written national document and has had 27 amendments. The current Texas constitution is the seventh document written for Texas. The previous six were all when Texas was still apart of Mexico. The current constitution hasn’t been revised since 1876, which makes it the longest state constitution in the United StatesRead MoreU.s. Constitution And Texas Constitution Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesBoth the U.S. Constitution and Texas Constitution, demonstrate a parallelism between civil liberties that guarantees personal freedoms that the government cannot deprive from its citizens without due process, in which this case will demonstrate. In 1981, the parents of several school aged children of Mexican Origin filed a suit against Superintendent James Plyler, of Tyler, Texas, regarding immigration status. The Plyler v. Doe (457 U.S. 202 (1982)) case decision could not have happened prior toRead MoreThe United States Constitution And Texas Constitution908 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Constitution and Texas Constitution are similar, but not indistinguishable. The constitution was made to prevent tyranny in the states from the idea of the Federalists who wanted to build a strong form of government that gave people rights without giving their representatives too much power. Additionally, both constitutions form a bicameral form of government, a House of Representatives, and a Senate. The Federalists wanted a strong central government to help the economic and socialRead MoreTexas Constitution Vs. U.s. Constitution956 Words   |  4 PagesTexas is considered a very diverse and unique state in many different aspect s. 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There is alwaysRead MoreEssay On Texas Constitution977 Words   |  4 Pagesofficials are held accountable for. Being aware and knowing the difference between the United States and Texas Constitution allows citizens to be apprehensive of what is happening in our government. The topics on the amending and impeachment system and the Judicial and Executive Branch grant insight of the proceedings in our governments. For an amendment to become official for the United States’ Constitution it would first need approval by the Senate and the House of Representatives with a superiority voteRead MoreThe Federal And Texas Constitution1143 Words   |  5 PagesThe Federal and Texas Constitution, despite both being created to outline governmental power, differ in the enforcement of the order created by focusing on entirety of the country and the individual people respectively. This is shown through the extent of control on legislative power, the issues presented in each Bill of Rights, and the overall fluidity of the document while in effect. The Constitution of the United States, signed September 17, 1787, is the basis of all government in the UnitedRead MoreThe State Of The Texas Constitution1241 Words   |  5 Pages The Texas constitution is one of the oldest constitutions which was initially adopted in 1876. Since the adoption of the Texas Constitution, the Legislature has proposed 662 amendments. Out of these amendments, the electorate has approved 483 while the voters majority has defeated 179. From the many modifications and many more proposals pending or that are yet to come, it is evident that the Texas Constitution is not a perfect one as many other constitutions of individual states. As argued

The World s View On Animals - 1275 Words

In 2013, one of the highest rated â€Å"documentaries† was released to theatres and it changed the world’s view on animals forever. Blackfish describes the supposed horrors Seaworld trainers are keeping their famous killer whales in, including how the company tears orca families apart and is known to mistreat them. In the following months of the movie’s release, many individuals spread its lies all over social media, claiming themselves to be animal rights activists after only viewing one film. These people have failed to do the necessary research to know animals live in excellent conditions in zoos and aquariums and that Blackfish is hardly considered a documentary due to how one sided it is and its deceiving footage. In fact, animals should†¦show more content†¦Additionally, most of these critters today struggle to live in their habitat partially due to new factors brought on by humans. Fred Van Dyke argues, â€Å"Today, as global climate change is re ducing available arctic sea ice and contributing to reductions in wild polar bear populations, such as captive individuals in zoos may yet become a valuable resource in conservation for someday helping decimated wild polar bear populations recover from the current reductions they are now experiencing.† Dyke points out in Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications with the example of polar bears that as the destroyers of their homes through acts like global warming and littering, it is the duty of humans to care for animals in need to ensure the species does not disappear and one of the best ways of doing so is through captivity. Any area that houses animals must be kept running because of the knowledge that springs out of those places. Animals in captivity give humans the ideal setting to observe their habits and lives that would otherwise be a danger if researched in the wild. Then, the studies made from the animals not only expands human understanding of these beautiful creatures, but also allows people to know how to better protect and help them in the

Nucor at a Crossroads - 11794 Words

Harvard Business School 9-793-039 Rev. January 20, 1998 DO Nucor at a Crossroads On December 7, 1986, F. Kenneth Iverson, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Nucor Corporation, awaited a delegation from SMS Schloemann-Siemag, a leading West German supplier of steelmaking equipment, at his company’s headquarters in Charlotte, North Carolina. Iverson had to decide whether to commit Nucor to a new steel mill that would commercialize thinslab casting technology developed by SMS. Preliminary estimates indicated that the mill would cost $280 million, and that start-up expenses and working capital of $30 million each would push the total cost to $340 million, or nearly as much as Nucor’s net worth. Successful†¦show more content†¦A significant percentage of the steel sold to service centers found its way to end-users in the automotive sector and the appliance and equipment industries. Taken together, these three customer groups accounted for half of total domestic shipments and three-quarters of the shipments of flat sheet. Service cente rs emphasized the most basic form of flat sheet, hot-rolled sheet, whereas the others’ direct purchases were weighted toward cold-rolled and coated sheet that had been subjected to further primary processing. Construction accounted for another one-tenth of shipments of all steel mill products and of flat sheet. Price, quality and dependability were the three most important buyer purchasing criteria. Uncompetitive pricing was probably the major reason U.S. steelmakers had lost ground to imports. Integrated steelmakers had been criticized, in particular, for charging excessive premia in periods of tight supply, pressing buyers to purchase higher-grade steel than they needed, requiring minimum orders that were too large for many buyers and arbitrarily favoring some buyers over others. Quality had several dimensions: internal quality, as determined by metallurgical structure and physical strength, which mattered most when durability was important; surface quality, which was a maj or concern in usesShow MoreRelatedNucor at Crossroads1352 Words   |  6 PagesNucor at a Crossroads Nucor at a Crossroads Case Analysis In 1986, three distinct segments defined the U.S. steel industry; integrated steel mills, mini-mills, and specialty steel makers. The integrated mills have the capacity to produce a maximum of 107 million tons of steel per year, mini-mills produced a maximum of 21 million tons of capacity a year, and the nation’s specialty steel makers could produce a maximum capacity of 5 million tons of stainless and specialty grades of steel. This leadsRead MoreNucor at a Crossroads1363 Words   |  6 PagesNucor at a Crossroads Case Analysis In 1986, three distinct segments defined the U.S. steel industry; integrated steel mills, mini-mills, and specialty steel makers. 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What Are the Causes of the Vietnam War Free Essays

The Causes, Events, and Aftermath of the Vietnam War. Digital History. â€Å"The Vietnam War. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Causes of the Vietnam War or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Digital History. 30 Sept. 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . The Vietnam War started as a disagreement between communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam. Before this disagreement was a war between Vietnam and the French. Vietnam received 2. 6 billion dollars in financial support from the United States between 1945 and 1954. Nixon, who was President of the United States at the time, sent in troops to attempt to slow the process of sending troops and supplies from North Vietnam to South Vietnam.If I was a Vietnamese person living in Vietnam at the time I would think this would be an act of injustice by trying to make it an unfair war by removing the supply flow making them starve to death or get surrounded with no weapons. Also I feel that it was unjust of the Vietnamese to accept money from the United States then go to war with us after we provided them with financial support of the French. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Ed. John Whiteclay Chambers II. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Copyright  © 1999 by Oxford UP.President John F. Kennedy secretly sent 400 troops to South Vietnamese to fight what was called the counterinsurgency war. I believe this was a move of injustice due to the face that Kennedy did not tell the people of the United States they were going to help support a war over seas. After Kennedy was assassinated in 1961, more than 16,000 military troops in South Vietnamese and more than 100 troops had been killed. I feel Kennedy’s assassinated was also an act of injustice and I feel that it was also a major cause of us going into the war even more.Four years later in March of the year 1965, President Johnson sustained bombing of targets north of the 17th parallel. Then on March 8th, he dispatched 3,500 Marines to South Vietnam. After he dispatched them, the United States was now at war, Declaration or not. I feel this could also be an act of injustice because the people did not have any say in this war and now people were going to be drafted to it. PBS. â€Å"Battlefield:Vietnam | Timeline. † PBS. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . On May 7, 1954 the Vietnamese forces captured the French command post of Dien Bien Phu.The French commander then gave the order to seize fire. The battle lasted 55 days and more than 3,000 French troops died and 8,000 were wounded. Viet Minh got the worse of it though. They lost over 8,000 people and over 12,000 wounded. I feel this is injustice because is it really worth it to loose more men than the other side just to capture a fort? In the late 1961’s [pic]President John F. Kennedy orders more help for the South Vietnamese government in its war against the Vietcong.The U. S. backings included more than 3,000 troops and new equipment. On November 4th 1961, two days before the presidential election, the Vietcong dropped mortar shells onto Bien Hoa Air Base killing 4 soldiers, and 76 wounded along with five B-57 bombers destroyed. I feel that this was injustice because while all of us are busy voting for the new President the Vietcong got us by surprise. â€Å"Vietnam War. † The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia. com. 6 Oct. 2010 .In part, the war was a legacy of France’s colonial rule, which ended in 1954 with the French army’s catastrophic defeat at Dienbienphu and the acceptance of the Geneva Conference agreements. Elections scheduled for 1956 in South Vietnam for the reunification of Vietnam were canceled by President Ngo Dinh Diem. I believe this action of cancelling the election after the French defeat and even after accepting the Geneva Conference agreements. Although his action was denounced by Ho Chi Minh, I still feel this was injustice toward the people of Vietnam. Diem’s government faced increasingly opposition of the Viet Cong who were insurgents aided by North Vietnam. Another act of injustice near the end of the war was the massacre at My Lai. This was a massacre of many Vietnamese UNARMED citizens by UNITED STATES soldiers. In the course of the operation about 347 citizens were shot to death. To me, this incident going unknown until autumn of 1969 even though the event took place on March 16, 1968, is almost just as bad as it happening itself. â€Å"Vietnam War. † International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A.Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 8. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 612-617. Gale World History in Context. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. In 1946, U. S. president Franklin Roosevelt had written to the British ambassador that he believed â€Å"Indochina should not go back to the French, but that it should be administered by international trusteeship. † I think this is a bit of injustice to the French because the United States should not have intervened in the first place and let every other country do what we want rather than us coming in and trying to make it better for them.In reality though the only thing we are trying to do is make money for ourselves or make it better for us. Eventually the United States sided with South Vietnam because the United States where afraid of communism and that’s what North Vietnam wanted. Why we got involved in this blows my mind because we don’t live there, we won’t be affected by this so why do we care if the people in Vietnam want communism or not. This is how the causes of the Vietnam War resulted in Injustice. Wikipedia. â€Å"Vietnam War. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 03 Oct. 2010. Web. 04 Oct. 010. . In the post-war era, the United States struggled to learn the lessons of military intervention. The casualties of the Vietnam side were 1. 1 million dead and 600,000 soldiers wounded. Civilian deaths by Operation Rolling Thunder were between 52,000 and 182,000. I feel this injustice of killing a possible 100,000 Vietnamese women and children is just completely outrageous. After the war in Vietnam Chemical affected the Vietnamese people by causing a poisoning in the food chain, a change in the landscape, and it also caused birth defects and many diseases. As of 2006, the Vietnamese government had estimated that 4,000,000 victims of dioxin poisoning in Vietnam. Also, between 1961 and 1967, the U. S. Air Force sprayed 20 million gallons of concentrated herbicides over 6 million acres of crops and trees, affecting an estimated 13% of South Vietnam’s land. Now killing the women and children during the bombing was bad enough. Now they started poisoning food and tried to get them into RVN-controlled areas. I feel this is injustice because of all the unneeded deaths of civilian causalities. How to cite What Are the Causes of the Vietnam War, Papers What Are the Causes of the Vietnam War Free Essays The Causes, Events, and Aftermath of the Vietnam War. Digital History. â€Å"The Vietnam War. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Causes of the Vietnam War or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Digital History. 30 Sept. 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . The Vietnam War started as a disagreement between communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam. Before this disagreement was a war between Vietnam and the French. Vietnam received 2. 6 billion dollars in financial support from the United States between 1945 and 1954. Nixon, who was President of the United States at the time, sent in troops to attempt to slow the process of sending troops and supplies from North Vietnam to South Vietnam.If I was a Vietnamese person living in Vietnam at the time I would think this would be an act of injustice by trying to make it an unfair war by removing the supply flow making them starve to death or get surrounded with no weapons. Also I feel that it was unjust of the Vietnamese to accept money from the United States then go to war with us after we provided them with financial support of the French. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Ed. John Whiteclay Chambers II. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Copyright  © 1999 by Oxford UP.President John F. Kennedy secretly sent 400 troops to South Vietnamese to fight what was called the counterinsurgency war. I believe this was a move of injustice due to the face that Kennedy did not tell the people of the United States they were going to help support a war over seas. After Kennedy was assassinated in 1961, more than 16,000 military troops in South Vietnamese and more than 100 troops had been killed. I feel Kennedy’s assassinated was also an act of injustice and I feel that it was also a major cause of us going into the war even more.Four years later in March of the year 1965, President Johnson sustained bombing of targets north of the 17th parallel. Then on March 8th, he dispatched 3,500 Marines to South Vietnam. After he dispatched them, the United States was now at war, Declaration or not. I feel this could also be an act of injustice because the people did not have any say in this war and now people were going to be drafted to it. PBS. â€Å"Battlefield:Vietnam | Timeline. † PBS. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. . On May 7, 1954 the Vietnamese forces captured the French command post of Dien Bien Phu.The French commander then gave the order to seize fire. The battle lasted 55 days and more than 3,000 French troops died and 8,000 were wounded. Viet Minh got the worse of it though. They lost over 8,000 people and over 12,000 wounded. I feel this is injustice because is it really worth it to loose more men than the other side just to capture a fort? In the late 1961’s [pic]President John F. Kennedy orders more help for the South Vietnamese government in its war against the Vietcong.The U. S. backings included more than 3,000 troops and new equipment. On November 4th 1961, two days before the presidential election, the Vietcong dropped mortar shells onto Bien Hoa Air Base killing 4 soldiers, and 76 wounded along with five B-57 bombers destroyed. I feel that this was injustice because while all of us are busy voting for the new President the Vietcong got us by surprise. â€Å"Vietnam War. † The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia. com. 6 Oct. 2010 .In part, the war was a legacy of France’s colonial rule, which ended in 1954 with the French army’s catastrophic defeat at Dienbienphu and the acceptance of the Geneva Conference agreements. Elections scheduled for 1956 in South Vietnam for the reunification of Vietnam were canceled by President Ngo Dinh Diem. I believe this action of cancelling the election after the French defeat and even after accepting the Geneva Conference agreements. Although his action was denounced by Ho Chi Minh, I still feel this was injustice toward the people of Vietnam. Diem’s government faced increasingly opposition of the Viet Cong who were insurgents aided by North Vietnam. Another act of injustice near the end of the war was the massacre at My Lai. This was a massacre of many Vietnamese UNARMED citizens by UNITED STATES soldiers. In the course of the operation about 347 citizens were shot to death. To me, this incident going unknown until autumn of 1969 even though the event took place on March 16, 1968, is almost just as bad as it happening itself. â€Å"Vietnam War. † International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A.Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 8. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 612-617. Gale World History in Context. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. In 1946, U. S. president Franklin Roosevelt had written to the British ambassador that he believed â€Å"Indochina should not go back to the French, but that it should be administered by international trusteeship. † I think this is a bit of injustice to the French because the United States should not have intervened in the first place and let every other country do what we want rather than us coming in and trying to make it better for them.In reality though the only thing we are trying to do is make money for ourselves or make it better for us. Eventually the United States sided with South Vietnam because the United States where afraid of communism and that’s what North Vietnam wanted. Why we got involved in this blows my mind because we don’t live there, we won’t be affected by this so why do we care if the people in Vietnam want communism or not. This is how the causes of the Vietnam War resulted in Injustice. Wikipedia. â€Å"Vietnam War. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 03 Oct. 2010. Web. 04 Oct. 010. . In the post-war era, the United States struggled to learn the lessons of military intervention. The casualties of the Vietnam side were 1. 1 million dead and 600,000 soldiers wounded. Civilian deaths by Operation Rolling Thunder were between 52,000 and 182,000. I feel this injustice of killing a possible 100,000 Vietnamese women and children is just completely outrageous. After the war in Vietnam Chemical affected the Vietnamese people by causing a poisoning in the food chain, a change in the landscape, and it also caused birth defects and many diseases. As of 2006, the Vietnamese government had estimated that 4,000,000 victims of dioxin poisoning in Vietnam. Also, between 1961 and 1967, the U. S. Air Force sprayed 20 million gallons of concentrated herbicides over 6 million acres of crops and trees, affecting an estimated 13% of South Vietnam’s land. Now killing the women and children during the bombing was bad enough. Now they started poisoning food and tried to get them into RVN-controlled areas. I feel this is injustice because of all the unneeded deaths of civilian causalities. How to cite What Are the Causes of the Vietnam War, Papers

Australian Partnership Law-Free-Samples for Student-Myassignement

Questions: 1.Do you think that Kate, William, Harry and George are partners? Why?2.Kate arranges for a cocktail party to be held at the stud. It will be attended by many important people from the horse racing set. "Kate wants to make a good impression and she buys a $7000 designer dress" on credit to wear to the function. She did not discuss the purchase with any of the men as she thought they would not understand. Is the business liable to pay this debt?3. Kate, William, Harry and George want to acquire a "new breeding horse". It is going to cost $170,000 but the business does not have this amount on hand. They borrow the money from Harry at an interest rate of 15% p.a. Is there any problem with this agreement?4. George wishes to leave the stud and take up acting. He wants to make sure he is not "liable for any debts incurred before or after he leaves". What can George do to protect his interests? How can George get his money out of the business. Answers: 1.Issue The issue of this case study determines whether Kate, William, Harry and George can constitute as partners. Rule As per the Partnership Act, the term Partnership defines a situation where there must be a relationship between those individuals who have accepted the conditions on sharing the profits of a business that is executed by everyone. Therefore, a partnership arises due to five necessary elements as per section 51 of the Australian Partnership Act, 1958. Firstly, partnership is considered to be an outcome of a contract. It does not arise from any process of law. For instance, at the time of the fathers death, who was a partner of that particular company, the son has the power to inherit or claim the share in the partnership property but he will fail to become a partner unless he enters into a contract with the concerned persons. Correspondingly, individuals carrying on a family business cannot be known as partners since the link did not arise from any contract. As a result, a contract is a mandatory ingredient in forming partnership. Secondly, minimum of two persons are required to consti tute a partnership since that is the result of a contract. Individuals who are eligible to contract can enter into a contract of partnership. Persons entering into the contract can be either artificial or natural. In the case of Griffiths CJ in Land v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911),it stated that when a partnership firms enter into contracts of partnership with another partnership individual, the members of the firm become partners in their own capacity. Thirdly, the parties should agree to carry on the business. If a handful number of individuals agree to share the income of a specific property for dividing goods that were purchased in bulk against them, then there will be no partnership. Such individuals cannot be called partners. The work must be divided equally among the partners. Fourthly, it states that an agreement should carry on its business with the purpose of sharing profits among all the partners. Therefore, partnership will not exist if the business is carried on with a motive and not for obtaining profits. For a partnership to arise, it is not mandatory that the partners will agree to share and distribute the losses. There must be a partnership deed, which will state in which manner the profits, and losses should be distributed. Lastly, all the partners should carry on the businesses or any of them acting for them which means that it must be a mutual agency. Each partners are said to be both an agent and principal the rest of the other partners and himself. Application Kate, William, Harry and George will not be considered to be partners as the business Tall Oaks ran by them was not registered as a business name. Hence, they cannot be called as partners of the company. Without the company being registered, the individuals will not be treated as partners. Unless these terms and methods are applied, a business cannot be formed into a partnership. Hence, all four of them will not be treated as partners as well. Kate, William, Harry and George needs to register their business first otherwise, which it will not be considered to be a proper company. Conclusion It can be concluded from the given case study that without getting the company registered, four of them will not be treated as partners. 2.Issue The issue in the given scenario deals with a situation of who will be liable to pay for the designer dress worth $7000, which Kate bought in credit. Rule According to the law of agency, it is referred to an area of commercial law that is associated with a set of contractual and non-contractual fiduciary relationships that includes a person who is known as an agent. The work of an agent is to act on behalf of another in forming legal relations with another third party as described under section 64 of the mentioned Act.. If Kate does not pay the credit amount of the designer dress then all the other members will be liable to clear the credit. From then onwards the rest will have to compensate and clear off the debt of Kate. The other members will act as the agents of Kate since they are the remaining owners of their business stud business. Agency Law can help her to clear the debts for buying an expensive dress worth $7000. It has been proved in the case of Pioneer Concrete Services v Galli. Application In this given scenario, it can be stated that only Kate will be liable to pay this debt for buying the dress on credit. However, she did not discuss about the purchase with any of the members. William, Kate, George and Harry own the business. Therefore, all four own the business them equally since Edna Barcoo their grandmother had divided her estate equally to four of them. The liability authority rests with all the four existing members of the business but since Kate got the dress for a cocktail party that she organized, she herself will be liable for it and not others. All four of them equal share of Ednas estate. Even if the other three members pay the debt of the dress, Kate can keep the partnership binding. Conclusion It can be concluded that being one of the owners of the business of the stud Kate will have the authority to bind the partnership by using the Agency law 3.Issue The issue of this question deals with whether Harry will be able to advance the money to partnership for acquiring a new breeding horse. Rule As per section 32 of the Partnership Act 1958, it has been observed that a partner can lend money for the benefit of the company. Operating agreements is a contract that exists between two or more partners in a company as seen in the case of Checker Taxicab Ltd v Stone. However, Kate, William, George and Harry are not considered to be as partners since their business is not registered. To buy the new breeding horse, if they require the money they have to create a contract with Harry since he will be lending an interest rate of 15% per annum. If there is no agreement created referring the issue then they have to create the contract. Application In the given case scenario, borrowing money from Harry at an interest of 15% will be allowed since if an agreement is made between them regarding this. The Authority and power will be vested with Harry since he is the one lending the money to the other members of the business for the beneficial of the business. Although the rights and powers lies with other members as they are a part of the contract but he upper hand is vested with Harry. Conclusion It can be concluded in this scenario, that as per the Partnership Act, 1963 Harry will be able to advance money to the partnership as per the agreement. 4.Issue The issue in this given case scenario deals whether Section 12 of the Partnership Act, 1963 will come into action if George leave the stud. Rule As per the Partnership Act, 1958 the section 12 will be applicable if George wants to leave the stud. He wants to ensure that he is not liable for any debts that is being incurred before and after he leaves. George can protect his interests and take out the money based on Section 12 of the Act as seen the case study of Re Fisher and Sons. Therefore, in case of on going partners the general rule states that if the debt or liability has been incurred after the partner has left the business then that partner will not be liable for the same reason. Correspondingly, if the partner has created any debt or liability before leaving the company, then that individual will be liable. An agreement of novation must be formed between the parties. The partner at the time of the contract, creditor of the partnership comes into existence with the creditor and an incoming party. By a novation agreement, a creditor can agree on the fact that the liability of a partner who is leaving or a previous partn er has to finish and a new partner should be taken up. Application Before George leaves the business he should clear the debts as much as possible otherwise he has to back out from the business at that very moment. A notice needs to be provided to the other existing members of the company. There has to be an existing Contract between the parties. Every partner has a right to be involved in the process and conduct of the business. Every partner is also bound to focus on his duties in the conduct of the business. Thirdly, as per the Act every partner has a right to have access in inspecting the books and copies of the firm. George have to resign from the partnership deed and take out his share of money and interest out of the business. To make sure that he is not liable for any debts incurred before and after he leaves, he has to form a contract with the other partners as per the rule of the Act Conclusion It can be concluded stating that George can clear out the debts and liabilities before leaving the business if he wants to. References: Pioneer Concrete Services v Galli [1985] VR 675 Re Fisher and Sons [1912] 2 KB 491 Checker Taxicab Ltd v Stone [1930] NZLR 169 Griffiths CJ in Land v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1